1. A Brief Introduction to Culture 文化概述第一章测试1、In the 18th century, some famous French scholars such as Voltaire began to use the word in a sense closer to its complete definition. They thought it referred to “ ________ ”.
A、cultivating wisdom
B、training and cultivating mind or thought, an interesting result or state
C、cultivation and improvement of the land, cultivation of plants
D、educating somebody with morality
2、In western languages, the word “civilization” appeared with the rise of _______ .
A、marine culture
B、inland culture
C、urban culture
D、exotic culture
3、The third often-talked metaphor is that culture is like an onion. The inner nucleus level are , beliefs, worldview.
A、feelings
B、values
C、rituals
D、customs
4、"Wenming" (civilization) in Chinese first appeared in and the Book of Changes.
A、the Book of Documents
B、The Historical Records
C、The Spring and Autumn Annals
D、The Analects
5、According to the ideal definition given by Raymond Henry Williams, culture is
A、the whole part of imaginary works
B、the whole part of intellectuality
C、human experiences
D、a state or process of human improvement
6、The first person who summarized the human cultural phenomenon in the sense of cultural anthropology is the British scholar .
A、Bagby
B、A. J. Toynbee
C、Edward Tylor
D、Raymond Henry Williams
7、1) In 1960s, Raymond Henry Williams claimed, in an article named “Cultural Analysis”, that culture had three concepts. They are:_______
A、ideal definition
B、documentary definition
C、social definition
D、educational definition
8、4) The British scholar Edward Tylor clearly stated in the book "Primitive Culture" (1871): "Culture or civilization, in its extensive ethnological sense, is a complex whole that includes ________ , laws, customs, and the abilities and habits that anyone acquires as a member of society.”
A、knowledge
B、beliefs
C、art
D、morals
9、Cultural values are transferred across generations in the form of and that make them easier to understand.
A、symbols
B、belief
C、languages
D、stories
10、Some historical philosophers attach great importance to the historical inheritance of culture and understand culture as a traditional form of or .
A、social behavior
B、social development
C、social progress
D、social heritage
11、Which of the following are metaphors given by culture researchers about what culture is?
A、Culture to human is what water to fish.
B、Culture is like an iceberg.
C、Culture is the software of our mind.
D、Culture is the rules of a game.
12、In Chinese, the phrase “wenhua”(culture) was first used as a verb, meaning “to educate somebody with morality”.
13、In western literature, the word “civilization” appeared with the rise of urban culture.
14、Our cultural values, and our system of behavior dictates our thinking and beliefs.
15、Traveling is the best way to learn about other cultures. Firsthand experience is most definitive way to gain knowledge and experience.
16、Culture is a collective phenomenon, and cannot exist in isolation.
17、Learning language is one of the best ways to get to know a culture.
18、According to the metaphor"Culture is like an iceburg", only a small part of it is invisible, but a large part of which is above the surface and are tangible.
19、Culture is essential to make us feel a part of a group and give us the guiding principles of life.
20、Culture is larned and transmitted across generations.
2. Origin of Chinese and Western Civilization中西文化探源第二章测试1、The interaction and bilateral influence of the agricultural society and __________ promoted the development of Chinese culture.
A、the clan society
B、the democratic society
C、the nomadic society
D、the isolated society
2、__________ taught people to breed silkworms.
A、Shu Jun（叔均）
B、YouChaoShi（有巢氏）
C、Houji（后稷）
D、Leizu（嫘祖）
3、The humid climate, the abundant rainfall and ____________ provide a very good natural condition for the growth of various plants and the development of farming civilization.
A、the scarce sunshine
B、the sufficient heat resources
C、the dried desert
D、the vast island
4、The ancient Greek trade extended to East Africa, Arabia, Central Asia and India, and began to have business contacts with more distant places such as ____.
A、China
B、Egypt
C、Norway
D、Australia
5、Before the liberation, elders in a clan could do the following but NOT __________.
A、restrict the behavior of its members
B、deal with the disputes
C、treat everyone equally
D、decide on events and affairs
6、The agricultural economy formed an inward-looking culture, that is _____.
A、conservative
B、peaceful
C、unambitious
D、modest
7、Besides marital relations and breeding offspring, an extended family functions as the social unit of inheritance, ________.
A、marriage
B、production
C、management
D、consumption
8、In Hegel’s "Historical Philosophy", the main geographical factors that affect culture are summarized into_________.
A、dry highlands and vast grasslands
B、plain river basins
C、the coastal area
D、barren areas
9、Chinese culture is located __________ from the north to the south.
A、in the center of Asia
B、in the eastern part of Eurasia
C、on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean
D、across the tropical and temperate zones
10、The ancient Chinese emperors often ________.
A、praised the princes and heroes for picking up land
B、granted them the fields and subjects
C、punished those who fled away from their homeland
D、made them the lords of land and serfs
11、China’s topology is a stepped distribution of east highland and west lowland.
12、In ancient China, the vast and endless Pacific Ocean only meant the end of the land, the natural limit for the ancient Chinese.
13、Planting-based agriculture has been the main pillar of the economic life of the ancient Chinese nation.
14、An kinship network included four tribes of marriage and nine generations of blood.
15、The vast territory in China maintained the continuity and integrity of Chinese culture even after invasion wars.
16、The land-sealed Mediterranean sea, with the shallow export channel, the small tides, the calm sea surface, is very deep, the salt content is particularly low, and the coastal currents are formed deep under the water surface.
17、Some of the basic words in Oracle in ancient China that involve the national economy and people's livelihood were closely related to agricultural activities.
18、The residents of Crete and the Cycladic Islands, the birthplace of European civilization, grew barley, wheat, soybeans, peas, fruit trees and cash crops such as olives, grapes and citrus, and bronze, and painted pottery were widely used.
19、In ancient Greece, most of the city-state's economy was focused on business and industry.
20、Solon divided the citizens into four grades and the fourth rank could not hold the public official positions, but could speak and vote at the citizen assembly, and have the right to participate in the jury.
3. Political and Life Philosophy 中西政治传统与处世哲学第三章测试1、What concept has been widely accepted by Chinese people and applied in current Chinese political system as a basic state policy?
A、The feeling of right or wrong.
B、The feeling of deference and compliance.
C、The feeling of shame and dislike.
D、Rule of law.
2、In the past dynasties, what did the government prefer to rule the country?
A、the civilized ruling
B、military muscles
C、peace-through-marriage policy
D、the Tributary System
3、What is agreed by King John of England in 1215and laid a foundation of rule of constitution?
A、Bill of Rights
B、the Magna Carta
C、The Declaration of Independence
D、Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in France
4、Who gave the principle of rule of law theoretical foundations in Lex, Rex, ( Latin for "the law is king") in 1644?
A、Samuel Rutherford
B、James Harrington
C、John Locke
D、Montesquieu
5、A key belief of was that humans are innately good, but this quality requires cultivation and the right environment to flourish.
A、Mencius
B、Confucius
C、Xun Kuang
D、Daoists
6、According to American cultural anthropologists Strobeck and Kluckhohn, the following value orientations could help identify one culture from another: .
A、The concept of human nature.
B、Understanding of relations between human and nature.
C、How humans relate to one another.
D、Time orientation and activity orientation.
7、What are the three “jewels” of one's personal development in Daoism?
A、moderation
B、thriftiness
C、benevolence
D、self-cultivation
8、What do psychologists define as value orientation?
A、the overall belief that guides people's actions
B、decision-making judgments in the same situations
C、decision-making judgments in a variety of situations
D、the religious belief that guides people's actions
9、What were China’s typical diplomatic policies in history?
A、expanding the territory with military force
B、conquering the world with military force
C、peace-through-marriage policy
D、the Tributary System
10、What principles are established in France in the late 1800s?
A、“People are important, the king is light.”
B、“It is more proper that law should govern than any one of the citizens.”
C、“All citizens are equal in the eyes of the law”
D、“Nothing may be prevented which is not forbidden by law.”
11、The combination of the rule of law and the rule of virtue is advocated by Chinese government.
12、Judaism, Christianity and Islam share common belief that human nature is basically good and redeemable.
13、The value orientation of advocating harmony and moderation had partly resulted in the lack of competitive consciousness and adventurous spirit in Chinese nation.
14、There were no disputes about the philosophy of moderation in modern China.
15、Moderation is an important part of self-cultivation in Confucianism, the core idea of it is of no excess, no matter in thought or intention.
16、“Rule of virtue” is the Chinese traditional political philosophy which is based on the perception that man is born good.
17、Plato opposed letting the highest officials wield power beyond guarding and serving the laws.
18、From very early time, the pursuit of profit and power has always been regarded as an illegitimate value in western world.
19、The famous philosopher John Locke (1632–1704) once said, the so-called good is the thing that can cause or increase our happiness and reduce our pain, and the so-called evil is the thing that can produce or increase our pain or reduce our happiness.
20、The younger generations in China are not as conservative and modest as their parents and grandparents.
4. Man-Nature and Social Orientations 人与自然关系及社会关系取向第四章单元测验1、What is the implied meaning of the idiom “Destruction pursues the great.”?
A、warning people to highlight personality.
B、warning people not to highlight personality.
C、individuality is not encouraged
D、individuality is encouraged
2、What relationship had become and still is one of the most basic and important issues in Chinese philosophy?
A、The relation between Heaven and Man
B、The relation between Heaven and Earth
C、The relation between Earth and Man
D、The relation between Heaven and Nature
3、Who discussed the relation between man and nature from a philosophical point of view and proposing "man-made natural legislation."
A、Carlo Schmidt
B、Henry Thomas Buckle
C、Kant
D、Francis Bacon
4、In China, what has become a moral principle regulating patriarchal clan relations?
A、the individual's obligations
B、the individual's responsibilities
C、individualism
D、Collectivism
5、Exploration and invention in the service of commercehave exemplified Western people’s , rather than a passive acceptance of it.
A、struggle against nature
B、harmounious relation with nature
C、obedience to nature
D、subservient to nature
6、With regard to Chinese Dream, which of the following statements are true ?
A、It is based on the value of collectivism.
B、It is a dream of Chinese people as a whole nation.
C、It is a dream of national renewal.
D、It stresses the importance of enterprising spirit.
7、Which of the following aspects embodied the concept of harmony between nature and Human?
A、the blending of scenes and feelings in literary works
B、the harmonious artistic conception pursued in painting
C、the concept of health preservation and food therapy which varies with seasons
D、the contribution of Chinese culture to world peace and sustainable development
8、played an important role in the birth of modern ecological economics.
A、The concepts of longing for the society of Datong
B、The concepts of love for nature
C、The concepts of respect for life
D、The concepts of advocating order
9、In President Xi’s statements, Chinese Dream is described as two centenary goals:
A、the material goal of China becoming a "moderately well-off society" by 2021
B、the material goal of China becoming a "moderately well-off society" by 2049
C、the modernization goal of China becoming a fully developed nation by about 2049
D、the modernization goal of China becoming a fully developed nation by about 2021
10、During the period of Greek civilization, it tend to
A、recognize the dignity and value of the individual.
B、affirm rights of individual.
C、advocate the spirit of freedom.
D、encourage the development of individual creativity.
11、Confucius believed that the relationship between human and nature is equal. He stated, “heaven and human are not in conflict.”
12、Exploration and invention in the service of commerce have exemplified Western people’s struggle against nature, rather than a passive acceptance of it.
13、According to Geert Hofstede and his theory of cultural dimensions, individualism is the central dimension which indicate the features of certain cultures.
14、As regards to human beings' relationship to nature, there are basically four patterns of thoughts.
15、In Tao Te Ching, which was written by Laozi in about 500 BC, Tao is described as the supreme principle of the universe.
16、Hemingway's "The Old Man and the Sea" tells the story of the Greek hero's ten-year sea adventure.
17、Scientific theory and practical technology are highly valued as a powerful weapon for understanding God and conquering nature by Western culture even during the prevalence of theology.
18、The slogan of " Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets." reflected the strong will and determination of Chinese government and people in the construction of ecological civilization.
19、Western culture stresses the individual view, the value of responsibility and loyalty to the group and country, emphasizes the mutual love and caring among people.
20、In collectivistic culture, personal goals and interests take precedence over collective goals and interests.
5. Chinese and Western Arts 中西艺术第五章单元测试1、Which of the following does not belong to “the three friends in winter”?
A、pine
B、bamboo
C、plum
D、orchid
2、Which is regarded as the highest form of traditional Chinese painting?
A、landscape painting
B、figure painting
C、flowers and birds painting
D、oil painting
3、Which of the following painting was not composed in the period of Renaissance?
A、The Last Supper
B、Sistine Madonna
C、Mona Lisa
D、Self-portrait
4、Fengshui is the architectural wisdom and the cultural symbol of Chinese people. The Eight Trigrams and the Five Elements are embodied in many Chinese buildings. Which of the following is the symbolic representative?
A、the Forbidden City
B、Papal Basilica of Saint Peter
C、Athen Acropoils
D、Egyptian pyramids
5、Which of the following is not the Chinese musical instrument?
A、trumpet
B、Pipa
C、Guqin
D、Xun
6、What are the three perfections？
A、calligraphy
B、painting
C、poetry
D、seal
7、What are the main themes of Chinese painting？
A、landscapes
B、figures
C、flowers and birds
D、history
8、Which of the following have laid a good foundation for western aesthetic art?
A、the Ancient Greek myth
B、the homer epic
C、theology
D、Greek mythology
9、What are the cultural factors that may have affected the characteristics of Chinese architecture?
A、Geomancy
B、Confucianism
C、Christian theology
D、Geometry
10、The preference of western music genres gave rise to ______, ______ and ______, which make the sound of music magnificent.
A、symphony
B、sonata
C、concerto
D、country music
11、Water, colors and lines are the most essential factors for Chinese painting.
12、The western philosophers such as Epicurus, Plato and Aristotle also created the philosophy of pursuing and upholding the truth, which promoted the development of western aesthetics.
13、The era of Renaissance to impressionism has witnessed the changes of western painting from “drawing like a real one” to “it seems like that one”.
14、Chinese people attach importance to emotional expression in their painting as rational thinking mode, while western painters prefer intuitive thinking in their process of painting.
15、Geometric aesthetic characterizes the ancient Chinese architecture, whereas the Westerners care about geomantic theory, both of which have given the architectures rich cultural connotations.
16、In ancient times, wood was the chief material for Chinese buildings while most western buildings rely on stones.
17、In china, buildings such as palaces, temples and folk houses are basically in a combined complex whereas the large-scale western buildings are often established according to the topography.
18、Muses were the nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, respectively in charge of epic poetry, history, love poetry, flute, tragedy, hymns, dance, comedy and astronomy.
19、Chinese music reflected the linear thinking mode, paying attention to the main lines, while the western music tends to cross the multi-dimensional thinking mode and achieve the harmony of different music patterns.
20、The origins of Chinese and western music are different, herein the attention in Chinese music is harmony and in western music is charm.
6. Language：Chinese and English 中西语言对比第六章单元测验1、As an isolated language， Chinese words are mainly formed .
A、by joining existing characters or words
B、by creating new words
C、by changing forms of verbs
D、by changing forms of nouns
2、Some researchers think that .
A、English is a subject-prominent language
B、English is a topic-prominent language
C、English tends to focus on the communication of meaning.
D、The understanding of the English sentences relies more on the context.
3、In his poem Prometheus Unbound wrote that “He gave man the speech, and speech created thought, which is the measure of the universe.”
A、Percy B. Shelley
B、Samuel Johnson
C、Robert Burton
D、Ferdinand de Saussure
4、The idiom "meet one's waterloo" came from .
A、historical events
B、religion
C、mythology
D、literature works
5、Linguists classified languages into families according to their origins, Chinese belongs to the English is a languge in .
A、Sino-Tibetan family, Indo-European family
B、Indo-European family , Sino-Tibetan language family
C、Semito-Hamitic family, Dravidian family
D、Dravidian family, Sino-Tibetan language
6、In Chinese culture, being eloquent is not considered a good moral character. people believe that .
A、“A gentleman is slow to speak but quick to act"
B、“He who speaks eloquently is seldom merciful"
C、“He that talks much errs much."
D、“Language is the dress of thought”
7、Traditional Chinese linguistic studies mainly concentrated in .
A、Phonology
B、Philology
C、Neurolinguistics
D、Exegesis
8、Chinese characters are created in different ways such as: etc.
A、pictographic
B、self-explanatory
C、ideographic
D、phonogram
9、Lots of idioms and proverbs in both Chinese and English language came from .
A、mythology
B、religion
C、legend
D、historical events
10、What philosophical concept did Chinese people develop?
A、integrity
B、intuition
C、ambiguity
D、logic
11、Linguists classified languages into families according to their origins, a group of languages related to each other belong to a family as they descended from a common language.
12、Chinese is non-inflectional, it has some changes in word form for the purpose of expressing grammatical meaning.
13、According to Zhuang Tzu, Language is the ultimate expression of beauty and Tao, and silence is not the great virtue.
14、Most English words and Chinese characters contain more than one syllable.
15、In Chinese，new words may be constructed by combining different characters.
16、Chinese people who think holistically and view the world intuitively created an ideographic language which focuses on meaning.
17、English is topic-prominent, it tends to focus on the communication of meaning, so if the meaning is clear in the context, the omission of subject and predicate would be acceptable.
18、The idioms with dog in Chinese always convey a positive meaning.
19、China is a landlocked country mainly relies on agriculture and UK. is an island country which developed advanced marine culture.
20、Idioms and proverbs, as the essence of language, is called "living fossils".
7. Chinese and Western Literature 中西文学第七章单元测验1、literature most commonly refers to works of the creative imagination, including poetry, fiction, nonfiction, and in some instances, prose, , novel, short story or drama and so on.
A、lyric
B、folklore
C、journalism
D、essay
2、Poetry is an important part in culture, as said in praise of poetry that “poetry is more philosophical and of higher value than history”.
A、Plato
B、Aristotle
C、Socrates
D、Hegel
3、In face of the same nature, different charm is displayed by Chinese and Western nature poems, which are mainly, represented in three aspects, namely, themes, and poet-nature relationship.
A、images
B、idealism
C、style
D、imagination
4、Gods in China are desireless and their images are weird, different from mortal being, and full of mystery. For example, Nü Wa was described in Shan Haijing as with a snake body and a human face, and she can transform its body times daily.
A、sixty
B、seventy
C、twelve
D、thirty
5、Ancient Greek mythology emphasized the human personality, value . Gods had similar characteristics, both good and bad, to human beings.
A、social ethics
B、freedom
C、individual rights
D、free love
6、Fiction can inspire us, intrigue us, scare us and engage us in new ideas. Some examples of works of fiction are , fairy tales, short stories, and any novels.
A、legends
B、folk tales
C、reports
D、histories
7、Why is literature important in our lives?
A、it saves your time.
B、it makes you nicer.
C、It’s a cure for loneliness.
D、it can give you many imaginations
8、Which of the following is sampling of the ideas that myths covered?
A、Mysteries: the seasons, the moon rising and setting.
B、Something connected with humans, like how humans were created.
C、Special powers and flaws of the culture's gods and goddesses.
D、Results of good and bad decision making.
9、In ancient Chinese mythology, the gods have all the virtues especially focus on social ethics, advocating and , worship and moral strength.
A、personal lives
B、collectivism
C、desire
D、the spirit of sacrifice
10、Through the comparison, we can find difference between Chinese and Greek myths, although both have the aspect of "humanism", the former tends to pay more attention to the virtue and , but the latter focus more on physical beauty and .
A、social functions
B、enjoyment
C、self-interest
D、individual personality
11、Literature derived from the Greek word “litaritura” meaning "writing formed with letters."
12、Literature has provided a gateway to teach the reader about life experiences from even the saddest stories to the most joyful ones that will touch their hearts. As the writer William Shakespeare remarked: “In the works of great writers, we find our own neglected thoughts.”
13、In the selection of images, some Chinese nature poems are inclined to those tender, gentle and feminine while Western nature poems prefer those grand, sublime masculine parts of the nature.
14、Today, myths are important for us to read and should be remembered, because they tell of the morals and traditions of societies and it was the religion of the ancient past.
15、Athena, the Olympian goddess of love and beauty, even though married to Hephaestus, had a lot of affairs, most famously with Ares, the god of war.
16、Myths are stories that explain how the world and humans came to be in their present forms, and myths encapsulate important information about human thought, feeling, history, and social life.
17、Myths in ancient China are preserved in various written accounts, usually in a fragmented form.
18、Western nature poems tend to create the selfless-realm in which nature is seen through the poet and therefore carries the emotions of the poet.
19、The most ancient works to portray the Greek mythology were certainly Iliad and The Odyssey, dating from the 6th century BC.
20、There are different definitions of myth in mythology.
8. Traditions and Customs 中西传统与习俗第八章测试1、Which of the following is NOT true about gift-giving in China?
A、If one receives a gift from others, he will offer back when it is suitable.
B、The recipient may refuse the gift at the first, second or even third offerings before accepting.
C、The recipients usually won’t open gifts in front the givers immediately.
D、Watches or clocks are suitable gifts for the seniors.
2、Which of the following festival is not related to religion?
A、Easter
B、Christmas
C、Thanksgiving Day
D、Valentine’s Day
3、Which of the followings belong to destination weddings in America?
A、beach weddings
B、weddings under the water
C、weddings in the forest
D、weddings in the air
4、Which of the followings show that food in China plays important role in social interactions?
A、Many important moments in life are celebrated in the form of feast.
B、Some joyous events are celebrated by means of food.
C、Business contracts are signed at the dinner table.
D、Traditional virtues and social orders are embodied in the form of food.
5、In some places of English-speaking countries, the older man can call the younger boys as son or sonny to show affection.
6、Now, Chinese people have simplified the marriage process and combine traditional Chinese features and western elements together.
7、As Chinese culture emphasize the idea of collectivism, people have dinners in a separated style.
8、The Laba Festival in China is related with Buddhism.
9.Cultural Communication 中西文化交流第九章单元测验1、Buddhism has a great impact on the following Chinese festivals except for ____.
A、Laba festival
B、The Ghost festival
C、The Lunar new year festival
D、Mid-autumn festival
2、During the May Fourth Movement a lot of Chinese literati contributed to the development of Chinese culture, whose names are the following except ____.
A、Liang Qichao
B、Xiong Shili
C、Duan Qirui
D、Liang Shuming
3、The typical structure of Chinese temples imitates _____ with many small yards.
A、Chinese imperial palaces
B、Siheyuan/quadrangle dwellings
C、European churches
D、Islamic temples
4、The Roman Empire, considered silk such an exotic luxury that it issued imperial edicts to __________.
A、forbid ordinary people to use it
B、take silk business as the royal business
C、control prices
D、punish those wearing silk
5、The beginning of the New Culture Movement was marked by the debut of ______.
A、New Youth
B、Youth Magazine
C、Diary of a Madman
D、The Victory of the People
6、Which of the following are true according to the lecture?
A、Zhang Qian had been sent twice to the west.
B、Roman royal families were very much attracted by clothes made of the silk.
C、Xuan Zang wrote Journey to the West to record his experience in India.
D、Mark Polo arrived in China at Yuan Dynasty.
7、The Belt and Road Initiative has promoted the the cooperation and communication between China and other countries on the following aspects:
A、Transportation
B、Business
C、Culture
D、Academy
8、Buddhism had influenced the development of Chinese Mandarin in following aspects:
A、Many Buddhism terms had become popular in Chinese daily life.
B、There were more two-toned words.
C、There were more multiple-toned words.
D、The modern Mandarin was built.
9、The historical background of the New Culture Movement includes the following events:
A、the Opium War
B、the Hundred Days’ Reform
C、Westernization movement
D、establishing the Republic of China
10、China has hosted many regional and international conferences to promote the Belt and Road Initiative idea, including ______.
A、the Boao Forum for Asia annual conferences
B、the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Qingdao Summit
C、the 2018 Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC)
D、the China International Import Expo
11、Chinese poems and paintings had been influenced by Buddhism.
12、The ancient silk road traded only silk.
13、Diligent Work-Frugal Study Movement refers to students’ hard-working in big cities China.
14、China and other B&R countries have translated and introduced each other’s media programs.
15、Chinese Zen spirit has been expressed in Chinese poems.
16、In 16 AD, when Western Regions cut off the connection with the central court, they also broke the trade route.
17、During Wei-Jin period, the silk route entered its golden age.
18、Even in the New Culture Movement, some Chinese literati carried the responsibility to critically inherit Chinese traditional culture.
19、China has signed agreements with many B&R countries on the mutual recognition of higher education degrees.
20、The Belt and Road Initiative not only promotes international trade and people-to-people exchanges but also enhances understanding between countries and reduces cultural barriers, to ultimately achieve peace, harmony and prosperity.
课程结课考试中西文化对比与交流期末考试1、The first person who summarized the human cultural phenomenon in the sense of cultural anthropology is the British scholar .
A、Bagby
B、A. J. Toynbee
C、Edward Tylor
D、Raymond Henry Williams
2、What sentence structure does English have?
A、A bamboo-like structure
B、A tree-like structure
C、A non-inflectional structure
D、A topic-prominent structure
3、Some researchers think that .
A、English is a subject-prominent language.
B、English is a topic-prominent language.
C、English tends to focus on the communication of meaning.
D、The understanding of the English sentences relies more on the context.
4、As the essence of languages, are called "living fossils"?
A、Idioms and proverbs
B、simile
C、metaphor
D、personification
5、What does red symbolize in English?
A、prosperity and smoothness
B、unwelcome and annoying
C、success and blessing
D、prosperity and blessing
6、Which of the following statements about language is true?
A、English is a topic-prominent language.
B、English tends to focus on the communication of meaning
C、If the meaning is clear in the context, the omission of subject and predicate would be acceptable in English.
D、In Chinese, if the meaning is clear in the context, the omission of subject and predicate would be acceptable.
7、Which of the following statements is true?
A、Linguists classified languages into families according to their Characteristics.
B、A group of languages which related to each other and descended from a common language belong to a language family.
C、English belongs to Sino-Tibetan Language family.
D、Chinese belongs to Endo-European Language family.
8、The bride in the Western wedding wears___________.
A、something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue.
B、something bought, something borrowed, something old, something white.
C、something like, something new, something bought, something blue.
D、something old, something new, something bought, something white.
9、Which of the following is NOT true about gift-giving in China?
A、If one receives a gift from others, he will offer back when it is suitable.
B、The recipient may refuse the gift at the first, second or even third offerings before accepting.
C、The recipients usually won’t open gifts in front the givers immediately.
D、Watches or clocks are suitable gifts for the seniors.
10、Which of the following is true about wedding rings in the west?
A、It is worn on the fourth finger of the right hand.
B、It is worn on the third finger of the right hand.
C、It is worn on the fourth finger of the left hand.
D、It is worn on the third finger of the left hand.
11、Which of the following is NOT true about Western cuisine?
A、Compared with Chinese cuisine, Western cuisine is simple and limited.
B、Many Western cuisines were introduced from foreign countries.
C、The taste of food is strengthened in the West.
D、The nutrition value is stressed in the West.
12、Thanksgiving Day in the United States ________
A、falls on the fourth Wednesday of November.
B、is associated with historical event in early times when the pilgrims experienced a hard time in winter.
C、is around the autumn equinox.
D、commemorates the Native Americans.
13、Which of the following festival is not related to religion?
A、Easter
B、Christmas
C、Thanksgiving Day
D、Valentine’s Day
14、Most Chinese natural poets are greatly influenced by , who tend to devote themselves into the development of the country, concerning about the fate of the people and the nation, with the goal of making a contribution to the rise of the country.
A、Taoism
B、Confucianism
C、Buddhism
D、Christianity
15、The earliest Greek myths were transmitted orally and they were usually narrated in the form of .
A、novels
B、songs
C、poems
D、prose
16、Literature most commonly refers to works of the creative imagination, including poetry, fiction, nonfiction, and in some instances, prose, , novel, short story or drama and so on.
A、lyric
B、folklore
C、journalism
D、essay
17、In face of the same nature, different charm is displayed by Chinese and Western nature poems, which are mainly, represented in three aspects, namely, themes, and poet-nature relationship.
A、images
B、idealism
C、style
D、imagination
18、Ancient Greek mythology emphasized the human personality, value . Gods had similar characteristics, both good and bad, to human beings.
A、social ethics
B、freedom
C、individual rights
D、free love
19、Which is regarded as the highest form of traditional Chinese painting?
A、landscape painting
B、figure painting
C、flowers and birds painting
D、oil painting
20、Fengshui is the architectural wisdom and the cultural symbol of Chinese people. The Eight Trigrams and the Five Elements are embodied in many Chinese buildings. Which of the following is the symbolic representative?
A、the Forbidden City
B、Papal Basilica of Saint Peter
C、Athen Acropoils
D、Egyptian pyramids
21、Which of the following painting does not belong to the period of Renaissance?
A、The Last Supper
B、Sistine Madonna
C、Mona Lisa
D、Self-portrait
22、Which of the following is not the Chinese musical instrument?
A、Trumpet
B、Pipa
C、Guqin
D、Xun
23、In western languages, the word “civilization” appeared with the rise of .
A、marine culture
B、inland culture
C、urban culture
D、exotic culture
24、Wenming (civilization) in Chinese first appeared in and the Book of Changes.
A、Book of Documents
B、The Historical Records
C、The Spring and Autumn Annals
D、The Analects
25、What concept has been widely accepted by Chinese people and applied in current Chinese political system as a basic state policy?
A、“the feeling of right or wrong”
B、“the feeling of deference and compliance”
C、“the feeling of shame and dislike”
D、“rule of law”
26、Very few Chinese people engage in extreme sports such as fistfight, boxing, water-surfing in the past，because
A、the spirit of them is not in line with safety and harmony.
B、the spirit of them is not in line with moderation and thriftiness.
C、the spirit of them is not in line with harmony and moderation.
D、the spirit of them is not in line with safety and moderation.
27、What is the implied meaning of the idiom “Destruction pursues the great.”
A、warning people to highlight personality.
B、warning people not to highlight personality.
C、individuality is good.
D、individuality is encouraged.
28、__________ taught people to breed silkworms.
A、Shu Jun（叔均）
B、YouChaoShi（有巢氏）
C、Houji（后稷）
D、Leizu（嫘祖）
29、Before the liberation, elders in a clan could do the following but NOT __________ .
A、restrict the behavior of its members
B、deal with the disputes
C、treat everyone equally
D、decide on events and affairs
30、The ancient Greek trade extended to East Africa, Arabia, Central Asia and India, and began to have business contacts with more distant places such as ____.
A、China
B、Egypt
C、Norway
D、Pakistan
31、The humid climate, the abundant rainfall and ____________ provide a very good natural condition for the growth of various plants and the development of farming civilization.
A、the scarce sunshine
B、the sufficient heat resources
C、the dried desert
D、the vast island
32、Buddhism has a great impact on the following Chinese festivals except ____.
A、Laba festival
B、The Ghost festival
C、The Lunar new year festival
D、Mid-autumn festival
33、Buddhism had influenced the development of Chinese Mandarin in following aspects except ____.
A、Many Buddhism terms had become popular in Chinese daily life.
B、There were more two-toned words.
C、There were more multiple-toned words.
D、The modern Mandarin was built.
34、During May Fourth Movement, a lot of Chinese literati contributed to the development of Chinese culture, whose name are the following except ____.
A、Liang Qichao.
B、Xiong Shili.
C、Duan Qirui.
D、Liang Shuming.
35、The typical structure of Chinese temples imitates ______ with many small yards.
A、Chinese imperial palace
B、Siheyuan/Quadrangle dwellings
C、European churches
D、Islamic temples
36、In Chinese culture, being eloquent is not considered a good moral character, traditionally people believe that____________
A、“Language is the dress of thought”
B、“A gentleman is slow to speak but quick to act”
C、“He who speaks eloquently is seldom merciful.”
D、“He that talks much errs much.”
37、What aspects did traditional Chinese linguistic studies mainly concentrate in?
A、Phonology
B、Neurolinguistics
C、Philology
D、Exegesis
38、What factors that influence languages have been studied by language researchers？
A、The social factors
B、The cultural factors
C、The historical factors
D、The political factors
39、Lots of idioms and proverbs in both Chinese and English language come from_______.
A、mythology
B、religion
C、legend
D、literary works
40、Which of the followings are the common greetings for Chinese when they meet?
A、Have you eaten yet?
B、Where are you going?
C、What are you doing?
D、What’s the weather like?
41、Which of the followings are true about Chinese traditional wedding ceremony?
A、The ceremony is usually conducted at the groom’s home.
B、The couple perform formal three bows.
C、Peanuts and dates are usually presented with the wish of giving birth to a child early.
D、Wedding guests play bridal chamber tricks after the ceremony.
42、Which of the followings show that food in China plays important role in social interactions?
A、Many important moments in life are celebrated in the form of feast.
B、Some joyous events are celebrated by means of food.
C、Business contracts are signed at the dinner table.
D、Traditional virtues and social orders are embodied in the form of food.
43、What elements of culture can be found in festivals?
A、myths and legends
B、religions and rites
C、foods and drinks
D、arts and crafts
44、Which of the followings are true about the bride in the traditional Chinese wedding?
A、She dresses in a red skirt and covers her head with a red veil.
B、Before leaving her parents’ home, she cries to show her reluctance to leave her mother.
C、She is welcomed to the wedding in a bridal sedan accompanied by a wedding procession.
D、She wears “something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue.”
45、Which of the followings belong to destination weddings in America?
A、beach weddings
B、weddings under the water
C、weddings in the forest
D、weddings in the air
46、Fiction can inspire us, intrigue us, scare us and engage us in new ideas. Some examples of works of fiction are , fairy tales, short stories, and any novels.
A、legends
B、folk tales
C、reports
D、histories
47、In ancient Chinese mythology, the gods have all the virtues especially focus on social ethics, advocating and , worship and moral strength.
A、personal lives
B、collectivism
C、desire
D、the spirit of sacrifice
48、What are the three perfections？
A、calligraphy
B、painting
C、poetry
D、seal
49、What are the cultural factors that may have affected the characteristics of Chinese architecture?
A、Geomancy
B、Confucianism
C、the five elements
D、Christian theology
50、Why is literature important in our lives? There are some of the ways literature benefits us.
A、It saves your time.
B、It makes you nicer.
C、It’s a cure for loneliness.
D、It can give you many imaginations.
51、In 1960s, Raymond Henry Williams claimed, in an article named “Cultural Analysis”, that culture had three concepts. They are:
A、Ideal
B、Documentary
C、Social definitions
D、Educational
52、Which of the following are the ways to learn different cultures?
A、Utilizing Technology for Research.
B、Taking a Trip to the Library.
C、Getting Involved in Your New Local Community.
D、Reading books about the culture.
53、What principles are established in France until the late 1800s?
A、“people are important, the king is light”.
B、“It is more proper that law should govern than any one of the citizens”.
C、“All citizens are equal in the eyes of the law”.
D、“nothing may be prevented which is not forbidden by law”.
54、With regards to Chinese dream, which of the following statements are true ?
A、it is based on the value of collectivism.
B、it is a dream of Chinese people as a whole nation.
C、it is a dream of national renewal.
D、it also stresses the importance of enterprising spirit.
55、What is Chinese Dream described as in President Xi’s statements?
A、The material goal of China becoming a "moderately well-off society" by 2021.
B、The material goal of China becoming a "moderately well-off society" by 2049.
C、The modernization goal of China becoming a fully developed nation by about 2049.
D、The modernization goal of China becoming a fully developed nation by about 2021.
56、Chinese culture is located __________ from the north to the south.
A、in the center of Asia
B、in the eastern part of Eurasia
C、on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean
D、across the tropical and temperate zones
57、The agricultural economy formed an inward-looking culture, that is _____.
A、conservative
B、peaceful
C、unambitious
D、modesty
58、The Belt and Road Initiative has promoted the cooperation and communication between China and other countries on the following aspects:
A、Transportation
B、Business
C、Culture
D、Academy
59、Which of the following are true according to the lecture?
A、Zhang Qian had been sent twice to the west.
B、Roman royal families were very much attracted by clothes made of the silk.
C、Xuan Zang wrote Journey to the West to record his experience in India.
D、Marco Polo arrived China at Yuan Dynasty.
60、Most English words and Chinese characters contain more than one syllable.
61、Chinese is non-inflectional in terms of word form, it has some changes for the purpose of expressing grammatical meaning.
62、Language reflects culture and simultaneously influenced and shaped by culture.
63、Kinship terms in China are not only confined to family members, they can also be used to address friends, acquaintances, neighbors.
64、In western culture, individualism and the value of mutual respect as well as acknowledgement are high valued.
65、In some places of English-speaking countries, the older man can call the younger boys as son or sonny to show affection.
66、Honeymoon refers to a former custom that the newlyweds share a drink made with honey every day during the first month of their marriage.
67、Nowadays, Chinese wedding can be held in a big restaurant instead of in the groom’s home.
68、Chinese seating order is based on seniority and organizational hierarchy.
69、It is not surprising to see that women play important role in the western dinner, because the principle of “Lady First” is the traditional belief.
70、Valentine’s Day is named after an early Christian martyr called St. Valentine.
71、In the US, it’s very strange to see large Spring Festival celebrations held in public places.
72、According to Zhuang Tzu, Language is the ultimate expression of beauty and Tao, and silence is not the great virtue.
73、Chinese culture emphasizes communication beyond words.
74、The idioms with “dog” in Chinese always convey a positive meaning.
75、China is a landlocked country mainly relies on agriculture and UK. is an island country which developed advanced marine culture.
76、In the West, gifts are often opened before the givers.
77、American psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed a famous Hierarchy of Needs, in which food is put at the bottom of the hierarchy as the lowest demand of human.
78、Now, Chinese people have simplified the marriage process and combine traditional Chinese features and western elements together.
79、As Chinese culture emphasize the idea of collectivism, people have dinners in a separated style.
80、In the West, people take AA system when they settle accounts.
81、The Laba Festival in China is related with Buddhism.
82、Easter is not only a religious festival, but also a seasonal festival.
83、In the selection of images, some Chinese nature poems are inclined to those tender, gentle and feminine while Western nature poems prefer those grand, sublime masculine parts of the nature.
84、Myths in ancient China are preserved in various written accounts, usually in a fragmented form.
85、The most ancient works to portray the Greek mythology were Iliad and The Odyssey, dating from the 5th century BC.
86、In Chinese, the phrase “wenhua”(culture) was first used as a verb, meaning “to educate sb. with morality”.
87、Chinese music reflected the linear thinking mode, paying attention to the main lines, while the western music tends to cross the multi-dimensional thinking mode and achieve the harmony of different music patterns.
88、Water, ink and lines are the most essential factors for Chinese painting.
89、In ancient times, wood was the chief material for Chinese buildings while most western buildings rely on stones.
90、Myths are stories that explain how the world and humans came to be in their present forms, and myths encapsulate important information about human thought, feeling, history, and social life.
91、The era of Renaissance to impressionism has witnessed the changes of western painting from “drawing like a real one” to “it seems like that one”.
92、Athena, the Olympian goddess of love and beauty, even though married to Hephaestus, had a lot of affairs, most famously with Ares, the god of war.
93、Learning language is one of the best ways to get to know a culture.
94、A metaphor says that culture is like an iceberg. According to the metaphor, only a small part of it is invisible, a large part of which is above the surface and are tangible.
95、Culture is a collective phenomenon, and can exist in isolation.
96、Reading through travel books and travel journals gives you great ideas about local and international destinations and begins to expose you to new cultures.
97、According to American cultural anthropologists Strobeck and Kluckhohn, there are five basic value orientations which could help identify one culture from another.
98、State Confucianism remained the dominant political philosophy of China up to the 20th century.
99、Moderation is an important part of self-cultivation in Confucianism, the core idea of it is of no excess, no matter in thought or behavior.
100、The combination of the rule of law and rule of virtue is advocated by Chinese government.
101、Judaism, Christianity and Islam share common belief that human nature is basically good and redeemable.
102、As regards to human beings' relationship to nature, there are basically four patterns of thoughts.
103、A strong sense of collectivism still prevails in today's Chinese culture. Most Chinese people believe that they should make contributions to their families and the groups they belong to, as well as the whole nation.
104、Confucius believed that the relationship between human and nature is equal. He stated, “heaven and human are not in conflict.”
105、In ancient China, the vast and endless Pacific Ocean only meant the end of the land, the natural limit for the ancient Chinese.
106、Some of the basic words in Oracle in ancient China that involve the national economy and people's livelihood were closely related to agricultural activities.
107、In ancient Greek, most of the city-state's economy was focused on business and industry.
108、Planting-based agriculture has been the main pillar of the economic life of the ancient Chinese nation.
109、Diligent Work-Frugal Study Movement refers to students’ hard working at Beijing.
110、The ancient silk road traded only silk.
111、During Wei-Jin period, the silk route entered its golden age.
112、China has signed agreements with many B&R countries on the mutual recognition of higher education degrees.